Part 2

Nine planetary boundaries

This second part presents the nine planetary boundaries, with a description of each phenomenon, the issues involved and their situation on a global scale. France's contribution to transgressing planetary boundaries is also highlighted with five boundaries that could be of national scope (climate change, biodiversity loss, disruption of biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus, land-system change and freshwater use). It also highlights the policies and actions implemented in France to avoid accelerating the phenomena for each of these boundaries.

• Climate change
• Biodiversity loss
• Disruption of nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles
• Land-system change
• Global freshwater use and the water cycle
• Ocean acidification
• Stratospheric ozone depletion
• Atmospheric aerosol loading
• Introduction of novel entities into the biosphere